2019 · CIRCULATION

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups Results From the Randomized CREDENCE Trial

Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Jardine, Meg J., Bompoint, Severine, Cannon, Christopher P., Neal, Bruce, Heerspink, Hiddo J. L., Charytan, David M., Edwards, Robert, Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Bull, Scott, Capuano, George, de Zeeuw, Dick, Greene, Tom, Levin, Adeera, Pollock, Carol, Sun, Tao, Wheeler, David C., Yavin, Yshai, Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Rosenthal, Norman, Brenner, Barry M., Perkovic, Vlado, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo Andres, Aizenberg, Diego, Pablo Albisu, Juan, Alvarisqueta, Andres, Bartolacci, Ines, Alberto Berli, Mario, Bordonava, Anselmo, Calella, Pedro, Cecilia Cantero, Maria, Rodolfo Cartasegna, Luis, Cercos, Esteban, Cecilia Coloma, Gabriela, Colombo, Hugo, Commendatore, Victor, Cuadrado, Jesus, Alberto Cuneo, Carlos, Maria Cusumano, Ana, Guillermo Douthat, Walter, Dario Dran, Ricardo, Farias, Eduardo, Florencia Fernandez, Maria, Finkelstein, Hernan, Fragale, Guillermo, Osvaldo Fretes, Jose, Horacio Garcia, Nestor, Gastaldi, Anibal, Gelersztein, Elizabeth, Archibaldo Glenny, Jorge, Pablo Gonzalez, Joaquin, Gonzalez Colaso, Patricia del Carmen, Goycoa, Claudia, Cristian Greloni, Gustavo, Guinsburg, Adrian, Hermida, Sonia, Isaias Juncos, Luis, Isabel Klyver, Maria, Kraft, Florencia, Krynski, Fernando, Virginia Lanchiotti, Paulina, Alfonso Leon de la Fuente, Ricardo, Marchetta, Nora, Mele, Pablo, Nicolai, Silvia, Antonio Novoa, Pablo, Ines Orio, Silvia, Otreras, Fabian, Oviedo, Alejandra, Raffaele, Pablo, Hector Resk, Jorge, Rista, Lucas, Rodriguez Papini, Nelson, Sala, Jorgelina, Santos, Juan Carlos, Beatriz Schiavi, Lilia, Sessa, Horacio, Smith Casabella, Tomas, Rosa Ulla, Maria, Valdez, Maria, Vallejos, Augusto, Villarino, Adriana, Esther Visco, Virginia, Wassermann, Alfredo, Javier Zaidman, Cesar, Cheung, Ngai Wah, Droste, Carolyn, Fraser, Ian, Johnson, David, Mah, Peak Mann, Nicholls, Kathy, Packham, David, Proietto, Joseph, Roberts, Anthony, Roger, Simon, Tsang, Venessa, Raduan, Roberto Abrao, Alves da Costa, Fernando Augusto, Amodeo, Celso, Andreotti Turatti, Luiz Alberto, Bregman, Rachel, Camelo Sanches, Fernanda Cristina, Canani, Luis Henrique, Chacra, Antonio Roberto, Cunha Borges, Joao Lindolfo, Cunha Vencio, Sergio Alberto, da Silva Franco, Roberto Jorge, d'Avila, Domingos, Portes, Evandro de Souza, de Souza, Pedro, Deboni, Luciane Monica, Fraige Filho, Fadlo, Geloneze Neto, Bruno, Gomes, Marcus, Kohara, Suely Keiko, Keitel, Elizete, Kerr Saraiva, Jose Francisco, Kurtz Lisboa, Hugo Roberto, de Carvalho Contieri, Fabiana Loss, Milagres, Rosangela, Montenegro Junior, Renan, de Brito, Claudia Moreira, Hissa, Miguel Nasser, Nazario Sabbag, Angela Regina, Noronha, Irene, Panarotto, Daniel, Pecoits Filho, Roberto, Pereira, Marcio Antonio, Saporito, Wladmir, Scotton, Antonio Scafuto, Schuch, Tiago, de Almeida, Roberto Simoes, Ramos, Cassio Slompo, Felicio, Joao Soares, Thome, Fernando, Tibes Hachmann, Jean Carlo, Yamada, Sergio, Hayashida, Cesar Yoiti, Zanata Petry, Tarissa Beatrice, Zanella, Maria Teresa, Andreeva, Viktoria, Angelova, Angelina, Dimitrov, Stefan, Genadieva, Veselka, Genova-Hristova, Gabriela, Hristozov, Kiril, Kamenov, Zdravko, Koundurdjiev, Atanas, Lozanov, Lachezar, Margaritov, Viktor, Nonchev, Boyan, Rangelov, Rangel, Shinkov, Alexander, Temelkova, Margarita, Velichkova, Ekaterina, Yakov, Andrian, Aggarwal, Naresh, Aronson, Ronnie, Bajaj, Harpreet, Cherney, David, Chouinard, Guy, Conway, James, Cournoyer, Serge, DaRoza, Gerald, De Serres, Sacha, Dube, Francois, Goldenberg, Ronald, Gupta, Anil, Gupta, Milan, Henein, Sam, Khandwala, Hasnain, Leiter, Lawrence, Levin, Adeera, Madore, Francois, McMahon, Alan, Muirhead, Norman, Pichette, Vincent, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Steele, Andrew, Tangri, Navdeep, Torshizi, Ali, Woo, Vincent, Zalunardo, Nadia, Fernandez Montenegro, Maria Alicia, Godoy Jorquera, Juan Gonzalo, Medina Farina, Marcelo, Saavedra Gajardo, Victor, Vejar, Margarita, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Gan, Shenglian, Kong, Yaozhong, Li, Detian, Li, Wenge, Li, Xuemei, Lin, Hongli, Liu, Jian, Lu, Weiping, Mao, Hong, Ren, Yan, Song, Weihong, Sun, Jiao, Sun, Lin, Tu, Ping, Wang, Guixia, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Yu, Xueqing, Zhao, Minghui, Zheng, Hongguang, Accini Mendoza, Jose Luis, Arcos, Edgar, Avendano, Jorge, Diaz Ruiz, Jorge Ernesto Andres, Garcia Ortiz, Luis Hernando, Gonzalez, Alexander, Hernandez Triana, Eric, Diego Higuera, Juan, Malaver, Natalia, Ines Molina de Salazar, Dora, Rosero, Ricardo, Terront Lozano, Monica Alexandra, Valderrama Cometa, Luis, Valenzuela, Alex, Vargas Alonso, Ruben Dario, Villegas, Ivan, Yupanqui, Hernan, Bartaskova, Dagmar, Barton, Petr, Belobradkova, Jana, Dohnalova, Lenka, Drasnar, Tomas, Ferkl, Richard, Halciakova, Katarina, Klokocnikova, Vera, Kovar, Richard, Lastuvka, Jiri, Lukac, Martin, Pesickova, Satu, Peterka, Karel, Pumprla, Jiri, Rychlik, Ivan, Saudek, Frantisek, Tesar, Vladimir, Valis, Martin, Weiner, Pavel, Zemek, Stanislav, Alamartine, Eric, Borot, Sophie, Cariou, Bertrand, Dussol, Bertrand, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gourdy, Pierre, Klein, Alexandre, Le Meur, Yannick, Penfornis, Alfred, Roussel, Ronan, Saulnier, Pierre-Jean, Thervet, Eric, Zaoui, Philippe, Burst, Volker, Faghih, Markus, Faulmann, Grit, Haller, Hermann, Jerwan-Keim, Reinhold, Maxeiner, Stephan, Paschen, Bjoern, Plassmann, Georg, Rose, Ludger, Gonzalez Orellana, Ronaldo Arturo, Paul Haase, Franklin, Moreira Diaz, Juan Pablo, Ramirez Roca, Luis Alberto, Sanchez Arenales, Jose Antonio, Sanchez Polo, Jose Vicente, Turcios Juarez, Erick, Csecsei, Gyongyi, Csiky, Botond, Danos, Peter, Deak, Laszlo, Dudas, Mihaly, Harcsa, Eleonora, Keltai, Katalin, Keresztesi, Sandor, Kiss, Krisztian, Konyves, Laszlo, Major, Lajos, Mileder, Margit, Molnar, Marta, Mucsi, Janos, Oroszlan, Tamas, Ory, Ivan, Paragh, Gyorgy, Peterfai, Eva, Petro, Gizella, Revesz, Katalin, Takacs, Robert, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Zsom, Marianna, Abraham, Oomman, Bhushan, Raju Sree, Deepak, Dewan, Edwin, Fernando M., Gopalakrishnan, Natarajan, Gracious, Noble, Hansraj, Alva, Jain, Dinesh, Keshavamurthy, C. B., Khullar, Dinesh, Manisha, Sahay, Peringat, Jayameena, Prasad, Narayan, Satyanarayana, Rao K., Sreedhar, Reddy, Sreelatha, Melemadathil, Sudhakar, Bhimavarapu, Vyasam, Ramesh Chandra, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Castellino, Pietro, Ceriello, Antonio, Chiovato, Luca, De Cosmo, Salvatore, De Nicola, Luca, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Carlo, Alberto, Di Cianni, Graziano, Frasca, Giovanni, Fuiano, Giorgio, Gambaro, Giovanni, Garibotto, Giacomo, Giorda, Carlo, Malberti, Fabio, Mandreoli, Marcora, Mannucci, Edoardo, Orsi, Emanuela, Piatti, Piermarco, Santoro, Domenico, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo, Serviddio, Gaetano, Stella, Andrea, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Zanoli, Luca, Akiyama, Hitoshi, Aoki, Hiromi, Asano, Akimichi, Iitsuka, Tadashi, Kajiyama, Shizuo, Kashine, Susumu, Kawada, Toshio, Kodera, Takamoto, Kono, Hiroshi, Koyama, Kazunori, Kumeda, Yasuro, Miyauchi, Shozo, Mizuyama, Kazuyuki, Niiya, Tetsuji, Oishi, Hiroko, Ota, Satoshi, Sakakibara, Terue, Takai, Masahiko, Tomonaga, Osamu, Tsujimoto, Mitsuru, Wada, Takashi, Wakasugi, Masakiyo, Wakida, Yasushi, Watanabe, Takayuki, Yamada, Masayo, Yanagida, Kazuhiro, Yanase, Toshihiko, Yumita, Wataru, Gaupsiene, Egle, Kozloviene, Dalia, Navickas, Antanas, Urbanaviciene, Egle, Ghani, Rohana Abdul, Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Ali, Norsiah, Yusof, Mohd Daud Che, Gan, Chye Lee, Ismail, Mastura, Kong, Wei Yen, Lam, Swee Win, Lee, Li Yuan, Lim, Soo Kun, Loh, Chek Loong, Manocha, Anita Bhajan, Ng, Kee Sing, Ahmad, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik, Ratnasingam, Vanassa, Bin Shudim, Saiful Shahrizal, Vengadasalam, Paranthaman, Abraira Munoz, Luis David, Alpizar Salazar, Melchor, Baas Cruz, Juan, Burgos Soto, Mario, Chevaile Ramos, Jose, Chew Wong, Alfredo, Correa Rotter, Jose Ricardo, Diaz Escalante, Tonatiu, Enriquez Sosa, Favio Edmundo, Flores Lozano, Fernando, Flota Cervera, Luis Fernando, Frenk Baron, Paul, Garcia Ballesteros, Cecilia, Gomez Rangel, Jose David, Herrera Jimenez, Luis Enrique, Irizar Santana, Sergio Saul, Jimenez Flores, Fernando, Laviada Molina, Hugo, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, del Campo Blanco, Belia Martin, Morales Franco, Guadalupe, Moreno Loza, Oscar Tarsicio, Mustieles Rocha, Cynthia, Obrador Vera, Gregorio, Orozco Castellanos, Ricardo, Peralta Calcaneo, Juan, Reyes Rosano, Miguel Angel, Rodriguez Pattzi, Hiromi, Rosas Guzman, Juan, Rucker Joerg, Isabel Erika, Saavedra Sanchez, Sandra Berenice, Sanchez Mijangos, Jose Hector, Serrano Sanson, Pablo, Tamayo y Orozco, Juan Alfredo, Tellez Chavez, Eloisa, Valdes Cepeda, Alejandro, Venegas Carrillo, Luis, Villagordoa Mesa, Juan, Zamarripa Escobedo, Rolando, Baker, John, Noonan, Paul, Scott, Russell, Walker, Robert, Watson, Edward, Williams, Michael, Young, Simon, Abejuela, Zaynab, Agra, Jeimeen, Aquitania, Grace, Caringal, Clodoaido, Comia, Rhea Severina, Delos Santos, Lalaine, Gomez, Olivert, Jimeno, Cecilia, Santos, Florence, Tan, Gerry, Tolentino, Marsha, Yao, Christy, Yap, Yvette Ethel, Ygpuara, Ma. Dovie Lallaine, Bijata-Bronisz, Renata, Hotlos, Lucyna, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Kaczmarek, Barbara, Kaminska, Anna, Lazuka, Lech, Madej, Andrzej, Mazur, Stanislaw, Mlodawska-Choluj, Dorota, Nowicki, Michal, Orlowska-Kowalik, Grazyna, Popenda, Grazyna, Rewerska, Barbara, Sowinski, Dariusz, Angelescu, Liliana Monica, Anghel, Veronica, Avram, Rodica-Ioana, Busegeanu, Mihaela-Magdalena, Cif, Adriana, Cosma, Dana, Crisan, Carmen, Demian, Luiza Despina, Ferariu, Ioana Emilia, Halmagyi, Ildiko, Hancu, Nicolae, Munteanu, Mircea, Negru, Doru, Onaca, Adriana Gabriela, Petrica, Ligia, Popa, Amorin Remus, Ranetti, Aurelian-Emil, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Toarba, Cristina, Agafyina, Alina, Barbarash, Olga, Barysheva, Olga, Chizhov, Daniil, Dobronravov, Vladimir, Dreval, Alexander, Glinkina, Irina, Grineva, Elena, Khirmanov, Vladimir, Kolmakova, Elena, Koroleva, Tatiana, Kvitkova, Liudmila, Marasaev, Viacheslav, Mkrtumyan, Ashot, Morugova, Tatiana, Nagibovich, Galina, Nagibovich, Oleg, Nedogoda, Sergei, Osipova, Irina, Raskina, Tatiana, Samoylova, Yulia, Sazonova, Olga, Shamkhalova, Minara, Shutemova, Elena, Shwartz, Yuriy, Uriasyev, Oleg, Vorobyev, Sergey, Zateyshchikova, Anna, Zateyshshikov, Dmitry, Zykova, Tatyana, Antic, Slobodan, Djordjevic, Miodrag, Kendereski, Aleksandra, Lalic, Katarina, Lalic, Nebojsa, Popovic-Radinovic, Vesna, Babikova, Jana, Benusova, Olga, Buganova, Ingrid, Culak, Jan, Dzupina, Andrej, Dzuponova, Jana, Fulop, Peter, Ilavska, Adriana, Martinka, Emil, Ochodnicka, Zuzana, Pella, Daniel, Smatanova, Iveta, Ahmed, Fayzal, Badat, Aysha, Breedt, Johannes, Distiller, Lawrence, Govender, Vimladhevi, Govender, Ravendran, Joshi, Mukesh, Jurgens, Jaco, Latiff, Gulam, Lombard, Landman, Mookadam, Mohamed, Ngcakani, Nomangesi, Nortje, Hendrik, Oosthuizen, Helena, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Prozesky, Hans, Reddy, Jeevren, Rheeder, Paul, Seeber, Mary, Chae, Dong-Wan, Cho, Young Min, Jeong, In-Kyung, Kim, Sin Gon, Kim, Yeong Hoon, Kwon, Hyuk-Sang, Kwon, Min Jeong, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Jung Eun, Lee, Moon-Kyu, Nam, Moon-Suk, Oh, Kook-Hwan, Park, Cheol-Young, Park, Sun-Hee, Yoon, Kun Ho, Alvarez Garcia, Pere, Asmarats Mercadal, Luis, Barrios, Clara, Cereto Castro, Fernando, Cigarran Guldris, Secundino, Dominguez Lopez, Marta, Egido de los Rios, Jesus, Fernandez Fresnedo, Gema, Galan Serrano, Antonio, Garcia, Isabel, Gonzalez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Jodar Gimeno, Jose Esteban, Lopez Mendoza, Manuel, Malek Marin, Tamara, Morales Portillo, Cristobal, Munar Vila, Maria Antonia, Munoz Torres, Manuel, Nieto Iglesias, Javier, Pantoja Perez, Jonay, Perez Vera, Merce, Portoles Perez, Jose M. Y., Quesada Simon, Maria Angustias, Simo Canonge, Rafael, Soto Gonzalez, Alfonso, Terns Riera, Manel, Tinahones Madueno, Francisco Jose, Velo Plaza, Mercedes, Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Hsia, Te-Lin, Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Hwang, Shang-Jyh, Lin, Chih-Ching, Lu, Yung-Chuan, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Barna, Olga, Bilyk, Svitlana D., Botsyurko, Volodymyr, Dudar, Iryna, Fushtey, Ivan, Godlevska, Olga, Golovchenko, Oleksandr, Gyrina, Olga, Kazmirchuk, Anatoliy, Kolesnyk, Mykola, Komisarenko, Iuliia, Korzh, Oleksii, Kravchun, Nonna, Legun, Oleg, Mankovskyy, Borys, Martynyuk, Liliya, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Pashkovska, Nataliia, Pererva, Larysa, Pertseva, Tetyana, Samoylov, Oleksandr, Smirnov, Ivan, Svyshchenko, Yevgeniya, Tomashkevych, Halyna, Topchii, Ivan, Tryshchuk, Nadiya, Tseluyko, Vira, Vizir, Vadym, Vlasenko, Maryna, Zlova, Tetiana, Zub, Liliia, Abusnana, Salah, Railey, Mohamed, Abouglila, Kamal, Ainsworth, Paul, Ali, Zishan, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Barnard, Maria, Bellary, Srikanth, Davies, Emyr, Davies, Mark, Davies, Simon, Dawson, Alison, El Kossi, Mohsen, English, Patrick, Fraser, Donald, Gnudi, Luigi, Gunstone, Anthony, Hall, Timothy, Hanif, Wasim, Jackson, Alan, Johnson, Andrew, Joseph, Franklin, Krishnan, Singhan, Kumwenda, Mick, MacDougall, Iain, Nixon, Paul, O'Hare, Joseph, Philip, Sam, Ramtoola, Shenaz, Saxena, Manish, Sennik, Davesh, Simon, Godwin, Singh, Baldev, Stephens, Jeffrey, Strzelecka, Anna, Symonds, Rehan, Turner, Wayne, Wahba, Mona, Wakeling, John, Wheeler, David, Winocour, Peter, Abdallah, Joseph, Abdullah, Raied, Abramowitz, Matthew, Acosta, Idalia, Aiello, Joseph, Akright, Laura, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Alappan, Rajendran, Alicic, Radica, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Allison, Dale Crawford, Arauz-Pacheco, Carlos, Arfeen, Shahabul, Arif, Ahmed, Arvind, Moogali, Atray, Naveen, Awad, Ahmed, Bakris, George, Barnhill, Peggy, Barranco, Elizabeth, Barrera, Carlos, Beacom, Matthew, Behara, Venkata, Belo, Diogo, Bentley-Lewis, Rhonda, Berenguer, Ramon, Bermudez, Lidia, Bernardo, Marializa, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Bowman-Stroud, Cynthia, Brandon, Donald, Brusco, Osvaldo, Busch, Robert, Canaan, Yamil, Chilito, Alicia, Christensen, Tom, Christiano, Cynthia, Christofides, Elena, Chuateco, Caroucel, Cohen, Kenneth, Cohen, Robert, Cohen-Stein, Debbie, Cook, Charles, Coyne, Daniel, Daboul, Nizar, Darwish, Riad, Daswani, Adarsh, Deck, Kenneth, Desouza, Cyrus, Dev, Devasmita, Dhillon, Monika, Dua, Sohan, Eder, Frank, Elosegui, Ana Maria, El-Shahawy, Mohamed, Ervin, John, Esquenazi, Alberto, Evans, John, Fishbane, Steven, Frias, Juan, Galindo-Ramos, Eugenia, Galphin, Claude, Ghazi, Adline, Gonzalez, Enrique, Gorson, David, Gowda, Anupama, Greco, Barbara, Grubb, Stephen, Gulati, Rakesh, Hammoud, Jamal, Handelsman, Stuart, Hartman, Israel, Hershon, Kenneth, Hiser, Daniel, Hon, George, Jacob, Radu, Jaime, Maria, Jamal, Aamir, Kaupke, Charles, Keightley, Gerald, Kern, Elizabeth, Khanna, Rakhi, Khitan, Zeid, Kim, Sun, Kopyt, Nelson, Kovesdy, Csaba, Krishna, Gopal, (Jay) Kropp, Jeffrey, Kumar, Amrendra, Kumar, Jayant, Kumar, Neil, Kusnir, Jorge, Lane, Wendy, Lawrence, Mary, Lehrner, Lawrence, Lentz, John, Levinson, Dennis, Lewis, Derek, Liss, Kenneth, Maddux, Andreas, Maheshwari, Hiralal, Mandayam, Sreedhar, Marar, Isam, Mehta, Bhasker, Middleton, John, Mordujovich, Jorge, Moreda, Ramon, Moustafa, Moustafa, Trenche, Samuel Mujica, Narayanan, Mohanram, Narvarte, Javier, Nassar, Tareq, Newman, George, Nichol, Brian, Nicol, Philip, Nisnisan, Josier, Nossuli, A. Kaldun, Obialo, Chamberlain, Olelewe, Sarah, Oliver, Michael, O'Shaughnessy, Andrew, Padron, John, Pankhaniya, Rohit, Parker, Reginald, Patel, Devesh, Patel, Gnyandev, Patel, Nina, Pavon, Humberto, Perez, Armando, Perez, Carlos, Perlman, Alan, Pettis, Karlton, Pharr, Walter, Phillips, Andrea, Purighalla, Raman, Quesada-Suarez, Luis, Ranjan, Rajiv, Rastogi, Sanjeev, Reddy, Jakkidi, Rendell, Marc, Rich, Lisa, Robinson, Michael, Rodriguez, Hector, Rosas, Sylvia, Saba, Fadi, Sankaram, Rallabhandi, Sarin, Ravi, Schreiman, Robert, Scott, David, Sekkarie, Mohamed, Sensenbrenner, John, Shakeel, Muhammad, Shanik, Michael, Shaw, Sylvia, Smith, Stephen, Solomon, Richard, Sprague, Amy, Spry, Leslie, Suchinda, Pusadee, Sultan, Senan, Surampudi, Prasanth, Sussman, Sherry, Tan, Anjanette, Terrelonge, Antonio, Thompson, Michael, Trespalacios, Fernando, Trippe, Bruce, Trueba, Pilar, Twahirwa, Marcel, Updegrove, John, Van Buren, Peter, Vannorsdall, Mark, Varghese, Freemu, Velasquez-Mieyer, Pedro, Ventrapragada, Sailaja, Vukotic, Goga, Wadud, Khurram, Warren, Mark, Watson, Henry, Watts, Ronald, Weiner, Daniel, Welker, James, Welsh, Jean, Williams, Shelley, Zaniewski-Singh, Michelle, CREDENCE Study Investigators

Journal
CIRCULATION
Année
2019
Volume
140
Numéro
9
Pages
739-750
Mois
AUG 27
DOI
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042007

Abstract

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease.

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