- Journal
- COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- Année
- 2010
- Volume
- 70
- Numéro
- 13, SI
- Pages
- 2012-2022
- Mois
- NOV 15
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.025
Abstract
The impact of three different projectiles (0 357 Magnum, 9-mm FMJ and 030 cal FSP) onto Kevlar (R) was modeled using a commercial finite-element program The focus of the research was on simulating full-scale body armor targets, which were modeled at the yarn level, by reducing to a minimum the number of solid elements per yarn A thorough validation of the impact physics was performed at the yarn level, single-layer level, and a full body armor system A verification was performed by checking the numerical model against analytical predictions for yarn impact For one-layer and multiple-layer targets validation consisted on matching experimental data of pyramid formation recorded by an ultra-high-speed camera The full-scale targets were also instrumented with nickel-chromium wires that stretch with the yarn during the penetration event The wires provided a second validation data set since the numerical model can reproduce the signal recorded by the wires The third and final validation of the model is provided by a comparison of the ballistic limit predicted by the model and data obtained in tests This is a check of the failure model used in the numerical simulations. This paper shows that the main features of the Impact physics are well reproduced by the finite-element model Prediction of ballistic limits for the 9-mm FMJ and FSP projectiles were within the scatter of the tests, while for the 0.357 projectile the difference was only 15%. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved